"There's nothing so practical as a good theory." -Dr. Kurt Lewin
To fully understand where we are on our leadership journey it's important to see how far we've come in our thinking about leadership. Here are 10 of the most common leadership theories...
1. The Great Man Theory (1840s)
-The thought that Great Leaders are born...not developed.
2. The Trait Theory of Leadership (1930s - 1940s)
-The thought that there are ideal characteristics for Leaders.
3. The Skills Theory of Leadership (1940s - 1950s)
-The thought that there are ideal technical, personal and conceptual skills for both Managers and Leaders.
4. The Style Theories of Leadership (1940s - 1950s)
-The thought that adopting styles like being autocratic & demanding, democratic & participative or laissez fair & unengaged. Ex. Managerial Grid; people friendly & performance oriented.
5. The Situational Leadership Theory (1960s)
-The thought that there isn't one-size-fits-all-model, leaders must adapt.
6. The Contingency Theory (1960s)
-The thought that since there isn't a one-size-fits-all-model, organizations must choose an appropriate leader.
7. Transactional Leadership Theory (1970s)
-The thought that people follow leaders based on 'transactions' inside a mix of rewards, incentives & punishments (quid pro quo approach).
8. Transformational Leadership Theory (1970s)
-The thought that leaders gain the commitment of others' by inspiring, encouraging & caring for them.
9. Leader-Member Exchange Theory (1970s)
-The thought similar to transactional theory, but stresses the presence of an ingroup and outgroup).
10. Servant Leadership Theory (1970s - 1980s)
-The thought that the leader starts by identifying the needs of the followers and views their primary role as serving others.
Of course, in each of these there are nuggets of wisdom that endure today. But what emerges when we take a closer look at some of the things we expect from our leaders...
*Honesty / Forward-Looking / Competent / Inspiring
We also expect these character traits from our leaders...
*Courage / Integrity / Resilience / Generosity / Concern
We expect leaders to...
**Go First / Create Hope / Focus on Others
With this magnifying glass it's possible to see how our leadership expectations settle inside Situational, Transformational & Servant leadership theories. If every follower is a volunteer & leaders engage in voluntary influence for others then leadership (in a digital world) will most of all require heightened self-awareness. Self-awareness of how our behaviors project our intentions to help others manage better & lead well!
*From "The Leadership Challenge"
**From "The Greats on Leadership"
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